Which of the following best defines hardware?

The definition of hardware in the context of computer systems refers to the tangible, physical components that make up a computer. This includes items such as the computer case, central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drives, graphics cards, and all peripheral devices like keyboards, mice, and printers. Understanding hardware as the physical elements is crucial for anyone studying digital literacy, as they form the foundation of how software applications operate and how users interact with technology.

The other provided options refer to different aspects of computing: software applications encompass the programs and operating systems that run on hardware; the internet and web services relate to online connectivity and resources, which are facilitated by hardware but are not physical components themselves; and digital storage deals with the way data is saved electronically. However, none of these capture the essence of what hardware is. Thus, the correct definition focuses specifically on the physical components of a computer system, making it the best choice.